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Prostate cancer primarily metastasizes to bone, and the interaction of cancer cells with bone cells results in a local activation of bone formation and/or bone resorption. Since the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these tumor-induced osteoblastic or osteolytic lesions are still poorly understood, we have compared the effects of two prostate cancer cell lines, osteoblastic...
Polyglycolic acid (PGA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) each have many applications as tissue repair materials. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds of PGA/β-TCP (in 1:1 and 1:3 weight ratios) were fabricated using the solvent casting and particulate leaching method. PGA/β-TCP scaffolds with high porosity, interconnected 3D pores and rough surfaces were obtained and...
Notch signaling is an important mechanism involved in early development which helps to determine the differentiation and fate of cells destined to form different tissues in the body. Its role in the differentiation of adult stem cells, such as those found in bone marrow is much less clear. As there is great interest in the potential of human bone marrow stem cells (hMSC) as a source of cells for the...
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is commonly used in the treatment of fractures and nonunion-promoting acceleration of healing fractures. In this report, we investigated the implication of the P2 receptors in osteoblast proliferation induced with LIPUS treatment. We observed that ADP, ATP, UTP, and UDP promote osteoblast increase and an increase of intracellular Ca 2+ , through activation...
Injuries to the marrow cavity result in rapid endosteal bone formation followed by remodeling and regeneration of the marrow. It is not known whether this process is affected by age, although marrow quality is markedly different in young and old animals. To test if marrow regeneration differs with age, we used a bone marrow ablation model that has been used to examine calcification, osteointegration...
Relaxin is a pleiotropic hormone with actions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues, and has a role in tumor biology. It can promote growth, differentiation and invasiveness of different tumors, especially those that give bone metastases, and relaxin serum concentrations are increased in patients with bone metastasis. In osteolytic metastasis the destruction of bone is mediated by osteoclasts...
Two case–control studies were designed to investigate the contribution of the geometry and bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur to bone strength in Japanese elderly women. We also investigated whether clinical CT is useful to assess the risk of hip fracture. Subjects in the neck fracture study included 20 Japanese women with neck fracture (age: mean±SD; 80.1±4.5 years old) and 20 age-matched...
Osteopenia is a complication of anorexia nervosa (AN) associated with a two- to three-fold increase in fractures. Nutritional deficits and hormonal abnormalities are thought to mediate AN-induced bone loss. Alterations in bone microarchitecture may explain fracture risk independent of bone mineral density (BMD). Advances in CT imaging now allow for noninvasive evaluation of trabecular microstructure...
Although musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common causes of chronic pain and physical disability in both developing and developed countries, relatively little is known about the nerve fibers and mechanisms that drive skeletal pain. Small diameter sensory nerve fibers, most of which are C-fiber nociceptors, can be separated into two broad populations: the peptide-rich and peptide-poor nerve fibers...
Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is essential for chondrocyte proliferation/differentiation and osteoblast differentiation during prenatal endochondral bone formation. Ihh expression in postnatal chondrocytes has a non-redundant role in maintaining a growth plate and sustaining trabecular bone after birth. Loss of Ihh in postnatal chondrocytes results in fusion of the growth plate and a decrease in trabecular...
Recently there has been increased interest in the regulatory interactions between osteoblasts and cells in the surrounding bone marrow microenvironment. The proximity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with osteoblastic cells first suggested regulatory interactions, and recent data have highlighted the role of osteoblastic cells in providing a HSC niche. Reports have indicated that direct contact...
In order to validate whether bones' functional adaptation to mechanical loading is a local phenomenon, we randomly assigned 21 female C57BL/6 mice at 19 weeks of age to one of three equal numbered groups. All groups were treated with isoflurane anesthesia three times a week for 2 weeks (approximately 7 min/day). During each anaesthetic period, the right tibiae/fibulae in the DYNAMIC+STATIC group were...
Evolutionarily conserved Notch signaling plays a critical role during embryonic and postnatal life. The importance of Notch signaling in the determination of cell fate, and the spatio-temporal regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis has been demonstrated in various different organ systems. However, how Notch signaling affects the bone development was unknown until now. The in vivo...
Loading of the rat ulna is an ideal model to examine stress fracture healing. The aim of this study was to undertake a detailed examination of the histology, histomorphometry and gene expression of the healing and remodelling process initiated by fatigue loading of the rat ulna. Ulnae were harvested 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks following creation of a stress fracture. Stress fracture healing involved...
Bone healing is a complex multi-step process, which depends on the position and size of the lesion, and on the mechanical stability of the wounded area. To address more specifically the mechanisms involved in cortical bone healing, we created drill-hole defects in the cortex of mouse femur, a lesion that triggers intramembranous repair, and compared the roles of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin...
We studied whether vigorous physical activity in young adulthood is associated with higher femoral bone density and lower risk of hip fracture at older age in men.A cohort of former male elite athletes (n=2147) and matched control subjects (n=1467) were studied for their leisure physical activity, and for fragility fractures at the hip (proximal femur) by Cox regression. Areal bone mineral densities...
Bone loss, described in individual groups of patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) or celiac disease (CD) is usually viewed as a complication of these diseases. There is increasing evidence that alterations in the immune system may directly affect bone mass. Clustering of autoimmune diseases in the same individual might predispose to higher risk of osteopenia due to...
Osteoporosis is a common condition among elderly. Genetic mapping studies repeatedly located the distal short arms of X-chromosome as the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for BMD in mice. Fine mapping of a syntenic segment on Xp22 in a Caucasian female population suggested a moderate association between lumbar spine (LS) BMD and 2 intronic SNPs in the Pirin (PIR) gene, which encodes an iron-binding nuclear...
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